Overview of the role
The camera operator in unscripted programming is responsible for camera movement, framing and composing shots and checking their quality against production requirements. They may be the only member of the ‘camera department’ taking responsibility for lighting and sometimes sound also. As well as being able to set up and operate camera equipment, they advise on the specification of kit, supervising any camera assistant and grip, and liaising with other people on the shoot.
Core responsibilities
These core responsibilities are provided as a guide and are not exhaustive. For a more detailed breakdown of the camera operator’s required knowledge and skills, please refer to the National Occupational Standards for Camera.
- Attend pre-shoot production meetings and any recces to identify filming requirements, shooting issues and camera configurations
- Familiarise self with any shooting plans and interpret proposed shooting style
- Recommend camera equipment that meets required technical and artistic shoot requirements
- Ensure familiarity with selected camera equipment
- Identify any limitations and suggest alternatives if chosen equipment is not suitable
- Help to recommend and select additional camera crew if needed
- Attend any required pre-shoot tests, e.g. technical, artistic or with contributors
- Line up individual shots in liaison with director and any DOP, discussing focus and other choices which may have a visual impact
- Instruct camera assistant as to lens requirements
- Ensure there is time to mark-up presenter and contributor camera positions
- Liaise with any grips to ensure the suitability of required camera mounting equipment
- Position cameras for shooting, liaising with crew of any additional cameras
- Pass on relevant information to camera crew about shot requirements and intentions
- Work with any grip about camera movement and timing
- Liaise with camera assistant about appropriate camera configuration
- If auto focus is not being used, and the camera assistant is pulling focus, discuss the process and resolve any difficulties
- Re-create shots as established during any rehearsal
- Communicate with contributors to ensure positions and timing work together
- Rectify any practical problems which might hinder desired composition
- Position and move cameras to frame and compose shots to meet aesthetic, technical and continuity requirements
- Compose each set-up to conform to acceptable visual continuity and match eye-lines of other shots in intended sequence
- Maintain desired framing and composition during takes
- Compose set-ups which take into account any relevant post-production effects
- Coordinate action and continuity with other camera operators
- When working with special effects, pyrotechnics and other hazardous situations, liaise with relevant personnel to make sure cameras are positioned safely, and protection or safety equipment is rigged securely
- Ensure all discrete camera movements, zooms and focus changes are in harmony and work together to achieve desired artistic and technical results
- Analyse shots against aesthetic requirements, suggesting alternatives when they are not met
- Analyse shots for technical faults, resolving those within your area of expertise and reporting those that are not
- Discuss any variations or changes in action with director, any DOP, and contributors
- Monitor exposure and camera settings to cope with the available scene lighting
- Be able to use a gimbal with a small camera to achieve very steady handheld shots
- Understand how a sequence is put together using the main action, GV’s, cutaways, parallel action, and how ‘crossing the line’ can be problematic
- Respond quickly to changes in contributor positioning but also know when to hold shots and let people leave frame
- Change shots quickly to respond to important dialogue
- Know how to use the cache or pre-record on the specific camera to better respond to unpredictable events
- Be able to focus and expose quickly, either manually or with camera autos if they are superior
- Consider eyelines and foreground/background interest when framing actuality shots
- Communicate with others to make sure there is sufficient time for rehearsal or preview of shots
- Identify and interpret information which is directed to other personnel, but which may affect your operating role
- Communicate with additional camera crew members at appropriate times
- Observe suitable protocols when communicating with production teams or other departments
- Discuss movements and timings of camera with all personnel who may be affected
- Raise any concerns with production about travel, meal breaks and general welfare of camera crew
- Read any risk assessments supplied by production and comply with required health and safety recommendations
- Consider health and safety requirements of any specialised camera and associated grip / crane equipment
- Work in line with health and safety practice for all aspects of own role
- Respond to any health and safety queries from camera crew, raising any concerns with the director when necessary
Skills
Check out role specific skills, transferable skills and attributes for the role of camera operator.
- Identifying filming requirements, shooting issues and specifying camera configurations to meet production needs
- Setting up and operating cameras and associated kit to achieve desired shots
- Assessing shot quality against aesthetic and technical requirements
- Troubleshooting technical faults
- Communication: interpreting requirements of shots and communicating with crew and colleagues
- Teamworking: collaboration with other filming personnel
- Planning: planning movement of camera crew to meet shot requirements
- Problem-solving: resolving issues with shot quality so that production requirements are met
- Management and leadership: managing camera crew during production
- Resilience, enthusiasm and curiosity: adapts positively to changing work priorities and patterns, ensuring deadlines continue to be met. Proactive and explores new ideas and non-standard ways of working which will enhance and deliver the best results for the production
- Productivity: organises work effectively and achieves required results within deadlines. Demonstrates the drive and energy to get things done in pressurised situations and escalates appropriately when necessary
- Ethics and integrity: honest and principled in all their actions and interactions. Respectful and inclusive of others, and meets the ethical requirements of their profession
- Flexibility: willing to both listen and respond to changing priorities and working requirements, while at all times maintaining high standards in a constantly changing production environment